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Solar system magic icon12/13/2022 The cross variant is the more common today.įor use in computer systems, the symbols are encoded as U+2646 ♆ NEPTUNE and U+2BC9 ⯉ NEPTUNE FORM TWO. The planetary symbol was Neptune's trident, with the handle stylized either as a cross, following Mercury, Venus and the asteroids, or as an orb, following the symbols for Uranus and Earth. In August 1847, the Bureau des Longitudes announced its decision to follow prevailing astronomical practice and adopt the choice of Neptune, with Arago refraining from participating in this decision. Meanwhile, Struve presented the name Neptune on December 29, 1846, to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Professor James Pillans of the University of Edinburgh defended the name Janus for the new planet, and proposed a key for its symbol. However, this suggestion met with resistance outside France, and French almanacs quickly reintroduced the name Herschel for Uranus, after that planet's discoverer Sir William Herschel, and Leverrier for the new planet, though it was used by anglophone institutions. In October, he sought to name the planet Leverrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the observatory director, François Arago, who in turn proposed a new symbol for the planet, ⯉ ( ). Claiming the right to name his discovery, Urbain Le Verrier originally proposed to name the planet for the Roman God Neptune and the symbol of a trident, while falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. Several symbols were proposed for Neptune to accompany the suggested names for the planet. Unicode encodes the symbol as U+2640 ♀ FEMALE SIGN ( ♀), in the Miscellaneous Symbols block. Arising from the biological convention, the symbol also came to be used in sociological contexts to represent women or femininity. In botany and biology, the symbol for Venus is used to represent the female sex, alongside the symbol for Mars representing the male sex, following a convention introduced by Linnaeus in the 1750s. In the Greek Oxyrhynchus Papyri, the symbols for Venus and Mercury didn't have the cross on the bottom stroke, and Venus appears without the cross (⚲) in Johannes Kamateros (12th century). In the Bianchini planisphere (2nd century), Venus is represented by a necklace. It has been interpreted as standing for the mirror of the goddess, though that may not be its true origin the planetary metal most commonly associated with Venus was copper, and polished copper has been used for mirrors from antiquity. The Venus symbol, ♀, consists of a circle with a small cross below it. The modern forms of the classical planetary symbols are found in a woodcut of the seven planets in a Latin translation of Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi's De Magnis Coniunctionibus printed at Venice in 1506, represented as the corresponding gods riding chariots. According to Maunder, the addition of crosses appears to be "an attempt to give a savour of Christianity to the symbols of the old pagan gods." These cross-marks first appear in the late 15th or early 16th century. Ī diagram in the astronomical compendium by Johannes Kamateros (12th century) shows the Sun represented by the circle with a ray, Jupiter by the letter zeta (the initial of Zeus, Jupiter's counterpart in Greek mythology), Mars by a shield crossed by a spear, and the remaining classical planets by symbols resembling the modern ones, though without the cross-marks seen in modern versions of Mercury, Venus and Saturn. The symbol for Saturn in late Classical (4th & 5th c.) and medieval Byzantine (11th c.) mss. The symbols of Venus and Mars are also used to represent female and male in biology following a convention introduced by Carl Linnaeus in the 1750s. The modern planets with their traditional symbols and IAU abbreviations are: Solar system magic icon manual#The International Astronomical Union (IAU) discourages the use of these symbols in modern journal articles, and their style manual proposes one- and two-letter abbreviations for the names of the planets for cases where planetary symbols might be used, such as in the headings of tables. The classical planets, their symbols, days and most commonly associated planetary metals are: The use of these symbols derives from Classical Greco-Roman astronomy, though their current shapes are a development of the 16th century. The symbols were also used in alchemy to represent the metals associated with the planets, and in calendars for their associated days. Graphical symbols used in astrology and astronomyĪ planet symbol (or planetary symbol) is a graphical symbol used in astrology and astronomy to represent a classical planet (including the Sun and the Moon) or one of the modern planets.
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